Ashtekar area-spectrum A = 8 pi l_P^2 gamma sum sqrt(j(j+1))

Ashtekar-Lewandowski area-spectrum framework (Ashtekar 1986 PRL 57, 2244; Rovelli-Smolin 1995 Nucl Phys B 442, 593). Setup: in loop quantum gravity, the area operator hat A_S acting on a spin-network state |Gamma, j_p> gives discrete…