Colliding bunches exert nonlinear EM force on each other, perturbing tunes and emittances; sets the fundamental luminosity limit of colliders. Characterised by the beam-beam parameter ξ = Nr_e β*/(2πγσ(σ+σ*)) with ξ_max ≈ 0.01 (hadron) to…
Colliding bunches exert nonlinear EM force on each other, perturbing tunes and emittances; sets the fundamental luminosity limit of colliders. Characterised by the beam-beam parameter ξ = Nr_e β*/(2πγσ(σ+σ*)) with ξ_max ≈ 0.01 (hadron) to…