Brownian motion (mesoscale)

Layer 1 — Physicsin the soft-matter subtree

Stochastic motion of suspended particles driven by solvent kicks. Langevin equation m ẍ = -γẋ + ξ(t) with ⟨ξ(t)ξ(t')⟩ = 2γk_BTδ(t–t') reproduces the Einstein relation D = k_BT/γ — the first FDT.

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