Budyko-Sellers 1-D EBM with ice-albedo feedback: dT/dt = [S(1-alpha(T))/4 - sigma T^4]/C

Budyko-Sellers energy-balance-model framework. Setup: the globally-averaged surface temperature T evolves under competition between absorbed solar radiation S(1-alpha(T))/4 and outgoing longwave emission sigma T^4, with heat capacity C and…