C3/C4/CAM photosynthesis

Layer 3 — Biologyin the Plant Biology subtree

C3 direct fixation (most plants); C4 Hatch-Slack concentrates CO2 via PEP carboxylase (maize, sugarcane) reducing photorespiration; CAM (cacti) temporally separates uptake + fixation.

Related concepts

Photosynthesis (C3)

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