Closed-form verification of character orthogonality for the symmetric group S₃ (|G|=6). Conjugacy classes: {e} size 1, {(12),(13),(23)} size 3, {(123),(132)} size 2. Three irreducibles: trivial χ₁=(1,1,1), sign χ_s=(1,−1,1), standard…
Closed-form verification of character orthogonality for the symmetric group S₃ (|G|=6). Conjugacy classes: {e} size 1, {(12),(13),(23)} size 3, {(123),(132)} size 2. Three irreducibles: trivial χ₁=(1,1,1), sign χ_s=(1,−1,1), standard…