Gibbs 1876: chemical-potential μ_i = (∂G/∂n_i)_{T,p,n_j} drives mass transfer; equilibrium requires equal μ_i across phases or reactive-equilibrium Σ ν_i μ_i = 0. Foundation for phase-rule, reaction-direction prediction, transport…
Gibbs 1876: chemical-potential μ_i = (∂G/∂n_i)_{T,p,n_j} drives mass transfer; equilibrium requires equal μ_i across phases or reactive-equilibrium Σ ν_i μ_i = 0. Foundation for phase-rule, reaction-direction prediction, transport…