Cold chain & vaccine stability

Layer 3 — Biologyin the Vaccinology subtree

WHO PQS prequalification: most vaccines stable 2-8°C; mRNA-vaccines (BNT162b2 -70°C, mRNA-1273 -20°C); live-attenuated (oral-polio +2 to +8°C; measles -20°C lyophilised). Vaccine vial monitor (VVM) tracks cumulative thermal exposure. …

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