WHO PQS prequalification: most vaccines stable 2-8°C; mRNA-vaccines (BNT162b2 -70°C, mRNA-1273 -20°C); live-attenuated (oral-polio +2 to +8°C; measles -20°C lyophilised). Vaccine vial monitor (VVM) tracks cumulative thermal exposure. …
WHO PQS prequalification: most vaccines stable 2-8°C; mRNA-vaccines (BNT162b2 -70°C, mRNA-1273 -20°C); live-attenuated (oral-polio +2 to +8°C; measles -20°C lyophilised). Vaccine vial monitor (VVM) tracks cumulative thermal exposure. …