Field φ = (φ_1 + i φ_2)/√2 with ℒ = (∂_μ φ*)(∂^μ φ) − m²|φ|². U(1) global symmetry yields a conserved Noether charge; spontaneous breaking generates Goldstone bosons.
Field φ = (φ_1 + i φ_2)/√2 with ℒ = (∂_μ φ*)(∂^μ φ) − m²|φ|². U(1) global symmetry yields a conserved Noether charge; spontaneous breaking generates Goldstone bosons.