Debye-Waller framework: I(q)/I_0 = exp(−⟨u²⟩·q²) (thermal-displacement Gaussian-in-q² attenuation)

Debye-Waller factor for thermal attenuation of X-ray / neutron diffraction intensity: I(q)/I_0 = exp(−⟨u²⟩·q²), where ⟨u²⟩ is the mean-square atomic displacement from thermal motion and q the scattering wave-vector. Gaussian-like…