The equilibrium vacancy concentration in a crystal at temperature T follows an Arrhenius law c = exp(-E_f/k_B·T), where E_f is the vacancy formation energy (typical values 0.5-3 eV depending on metal). Derivation: Helmholtz free energy…
The equilibrium vacancy concentration in a crystal at temperature T follows an Arrhenius law c = exp(-E_f/k_B·T), where E_f is the vacancy formation energy (typical values 0.5-3 eV depending on metal). Derivation: Helmholtz free energy…