Detailed balance & van 't Hoff: K_eq = k_f/k_r = exp(-ΔG_rxn/RT)

Layer 2 — Chemistryin the reaction-dynamics subtree

The detailed-balance principle — at equilibrium, every elementary forward process is exactly balanced microscopically by its reverse (Onsager 1931 reciprocal relations; Tolman 1938). For a reversible elementary reaction A ⇌ B, the ratio…

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