DNA damage checkpoint (ATM/ATR)

Layer 3 — Biologyin the Cell Cycle subtree

Lavin 1980s ATM + Cimprich-Cortez 2008 ATR: PIKK family kinases sense DSB (ATM-MRN) + ssDNA (ATR-RPA); phosphorylate Chk1/2 -> Cdc25 inhibition -> CDK arrest.

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