Ecosystem services (MEA 2005)

Layer 3 — Biologyin the Ecosystem Ecology subtree

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 + Costanza 1997: 4 categories (provisioning/regulating/cultural/supporting); $125 trillion/yr value estimate; IPBES 2019 update.

Related concepts

Tree (graph-theoretic)
MA (Millennium 2005)

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