V W Ekman 1905 wind-stress curl drives vertical-pumping w_E = (1/rho_0) curl(tau)/f; basis of subtropical-gyre + upwelling oceanography.
V W Ekman 1905 wind-stress curl drives vertical-pumping w_E = (1/rho_0) curl(tau)/f; basis of subtropical-gyre + upwelling oceanography.