Isotropic, nearly constant-in-time flux of high-energy (≳100 MeV/n) ionised nuclei (≈87% H, 12% He, 1% HZE, + electrons) originating outside the solar system. Free-space integrated flux ≈ 4 particles·cm⁻²·s⁻¹ over 4π sr; heavy-ion…
Isotropic, nearly constant-in-time flux of high-energy (≳100 MeV/n) ionised nuclei (≈87% H, 12% He, 1% HZE, + electrons) originating outside the solar system. Free-space integrated flux ≈ 4 particles·cm⁻²·s⁻¹ over 4π sr; heavy-ion…