Gibbs free energy (spontaneity)

Layer 2 — Chemistryin the chemical-thermodynamics subtree

Gibbs 1873-1878: G = H - TS; spontaneous if dG < 0 at constant T,P; equilibrium dG = 0; chemical-potential mu_i = (dG/dn_i)_{T,P,n_j}; basis of phase + reaction equilibria.

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