Grand canonical ensemble (μVT)

Layer 2 — Chemistryin the statistical-mechanics-chemistry subtree

Variable particle-number ensemble: P(N, E_i) ∝ exp[-β(E_i - μN)]/Ξ. Grand-potential Ω = -k_BT ln Ξ; mean particle-number ⟨N⟩ = ∂ln Ξ/∂(βμ). Used for adsorption isotherms (BET / Langmuir derived), open chemical systems, electrochemistry.

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