Heitler EAS toy: N_max = E₀/E_c, X_max = X₀·log₂(E₀/E_c) for EM cascade

Layer 1 — Physicsin the astroparticle-physics subtree

Heitler's toy model (1954) for electromagnetic extensive air showers: after each splitting length X₀ = ln(2)·X_r (one radiation length scaled by ln 2 because half the particles branch per interaction), the particle count doubles and energy…

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