Over arbitrary out-of-equilibrium driving protocols, ⟨e^{–βW}⟩ = e^{–βΔF}, where the average is over realisations. Gives equilibrium free-energy differences from finite-time non-equilibrium work measurements.
Over arbitrary out-of-equilibrium driving protocols, ⟨e^{–βW}⟩ = e^{–βΔF}, where the average is over realisations. Gives equilibrium free-energy differences from finite-time non-equilibrium work measurements.