For non-equilibrium observables A_τ averaged over time τ, P(A_τ = a) ≍ e^{–τ I(a)} with rate function I(a) ≥ 0 and I(a*)=0 at the typical value. Unifies equilibrium ensembles, fluctuation theorems, and non-equilibrium phase transitions.
For non-equilibrium observables A_τ averaged over time τ, P(A_τ = a) ≍ e^{–τ I(a)} with rate function I(a) ≥ 0 and I(a*)=0 at the typical value. Unifies equilibrium ensembles, fluctuation theorems, and non-equilibrium phase transitions.