Nernst equation: E = E° − (RT/nF) ln Q (equilibrium-potentiometry backbone)

Foundational framework of potentiometric electroanalysis: the Nernst equation relates the cell voltage E of an electrochemical half-reaction to the activity quotient Q = ∏ a_i^{ν_i} via the thermal-voltage scale RT/(nF) ≈ 25.7 mV at 298 K…