Ramsey interferometry: (π/2)–free-evolution(τ)–(π/2); signal convolution of pulse + evolution

Ramsey separated-oscillatory-field interferometry. Setup: a two-level atom prepared in |g⟩, subjected to (1) a π/2-pulse that creates the superposition (|g⟩ + |e⟩)/√2, (2) free precession for time τ at the atomic frequency ω, (3) a second…