NAD(P)H / FAD(H₂) redox cofactors

Layer 2 — Chemistryin the biochemistry-bridge subtree

2e⁻/H⁻ vs 2e⁻/2H (flavins); E°' ≈ -320 mV (NAD⁺/NADH), -219 mV (FAD/FADH₂); central in metabolism.

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