Spectrochemical series

Layer 2 — Chemistryin the coordination-chemistry subtree

Empirical ordering of ligands by the magnitude of the crystal-field splitting Δ_o they induce at a given metal centre: I⁻ < Br⁻ < Cl⁻ < F⁻ < OH⁻ < H₂O < NH₃ < en < CN⁻ < CO. Explains high-spin vs low-spin complexes.

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