Stefan-Boltzmann energy balance: T_eq = [S(1−α)/(4σ)]^(1/4)

Layer 1 — Physicsin the climate-physics subtree

Zero-dimensional energy-balance model (Sellers 1969; Budyko 1969): a spherical planet of radius R intercepts solar irradiance S across its cross-section πR² with albedo α, reflecting fraction α and absorbing fraction (1−α); at equilibrium…

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