Stommel western-intensification boundary-layer psi(x) = psi_0 e^{-x/delta_W}

Stommel western-intensification framework (Stommel 1948 Trans Am Geophys Union 29, 202). Setup: in a homogeneous wind-driven ocean basin with bottom friction R, the depth-integrated stream function psi(x, y) satisfies beta partial_x psi =…