Courant-Livingston-Snyder 1952: alternating-gradient quadrupoles focus in both planes; enabled compact synchrotrons; Twiss parameters alpha, beta, gamma describe transverse-phase-space envelope.
Courant-Livingston-Snyder 1952: alternating-gradient quadrupoles focus in both planes; enabled compact synchrotrons; Twiss parameters alpha, beta, gamma describe transverse-phase-space envelope.