Thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR)

Layer 1 — Physicsin the non-equilibrium subtree

For any current J in a stationary non-equilibrium process, Var(J)/⟨J⟩² ≥ 2k_B/⟨σ⟩, tying precision directly to entropy production. Operational consequence: more accurate nanoscale clocks, motors, or sensors dissipate more.

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