Power factor PF = S^2 sigma; high PF requires both high Seebeck S (low-doped semiconductors) + high conductivity sigma (high-doped); optimal n ~10^19 cm^-3; tradeoff resolved by quantum-confined / nano-grained materials.
Power factor PF = S^2 sigma; high PF requires both high Seebeck S (low-doped semiconductors) + high conductivity sigma (high-doped); optimal n ~10^19 cm^-3; tradeoff resolved by quantum-confined / nano-grained materials.