Water electrolysis (PEM/SOEC)

Layer 2 — Chemistryin the electrochemistry subtree

2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂; ΔG = 237 kJ/mol → 1.23 V thermodynamic, ~1.8 V practical. PEM (<100°C), alkaline, solid-oxide (700-900°C higher efficiency). Green hydrogen vector.

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