Wulff construction: h(n̂)/γ(n̂) = const

Layer 1 — Physicsin the surface-science subtree

Wulff construction (Wulff 1901, Z. Krystallogr. Mineral 34:449) — the equilibrium shape of a single-component crystal minimises the total surface-energy integral ∮γ(n̂)dA at fixed volume V. A Legendre-transform argument (Hertz 1884, Curie…

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Gibbs free energy G
h_{110}/h_{100} = √2 at γ ratio √2 (exact)

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