Cosmochemistry — IUPAC-VII applied chemistry at the meteorite / interplanetary-dust / stellar-condensate grain. Foundations: the terrestrial-fractionation line (TFL) δ¹⁷O = 0.52 · δ¹⁸O (slope set by mass-dependent kinetic/equilibrium…
cosmochemistry
Mass-dependent fractionation line δ¹⁷O = 0.52·δ¹⁸O (TFL anchor)
Mass-dependent fractionation line (TFL). For any physical or chemical process that discriminates between isotopes by mass alone…
R_mix = f·R_A + (1−f)·R_B: linear 2-component isotope mixing
Two-component isotope mixing: a linear mass-weighted average of end-member isotope ratios. Valid when the two end-members share the same…
ln(P₂/P₁) = −(L/R)·(1/T₂ − 1/T₁): condensation-T curves for refractories
Clausius-Clapeyron relation in its integrated form (Clausius 1850, Clapeyron 1834): for a single-component phase boundary with latent heat…
Δ¹⁷O = δ¹⁷O − 0.52·δ¹⁸O; zero on TFL (mass-dependent samples)
Sympy-exact witness of the Δ¹⁷O identity on the terrestrial fractionation line. Setup: Δ¹⁷O = δ¹⁷O − (52/100)·δ¹⁸O (Rational 52/100 =…
R_mix at f=0 ⇒ R_B, f=1 ⇒ R_A, f=1/2 ⇒ (R_A+R_B)/2
Sympy-exact witness of the two-component isotope mixing formula at its three canonical fractions. Setup: R_mix(f) = f·R_A + (1 − f)·R_B. …
r-process peaks sum N=50+82+126 = 258 (closed-shell magic-N anchor)
Sympy-exact witness of the r-process magic neutron number set. Setup: the r-process (rapid neutron-capture nucleosynthesis) occurs in…
s-process framework: σ·N = const along s-only path (slow neutron capture local equilibrium)
The s-process local-equilibrium framework — a foundational result in stellar nucleosynthesis (Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler & Hoyle 1957,…
Hoyle triple-α framework: 3 α → ¹²C via A=8 ⁸Be resonance; Q ≈ 7.65 MeV
The Hoyle-state triple-α mechanism — the celebrated Fred Hoyle 1954 anthropic prediction resolving the long-standing 'A=8 bottleneck' in…
CNO bicycle framework: 4p → α + 2e⁺ + 2ν_e; CNO catalysts (C, N, O) conserved modulo cycle
The CNO (carbon-nitrogen-oxygen) bicycle — the principal hydrogen-burning path in stars heavier than ~1.3 M_☉ (including main-sequence…
s-process σ·N = const: N₂/N₁ = σ₁/σ₂ (canonical invariant along s-only path)
Sympy-exact witness of the s-process local-equilibrium product invariance σ·N = const. Setup: σ_1, σ_2 (n, γ) neutron-capture cross…
Hoyle 3α → ¹²C: α-count 3; Q ≈ 7.654 MeV (3827/500); A=8 bottleneck gap
Sympy-exact (Integer-and-Rational) witness of the Hoyle triple-α reaction anchors. Setup: all quantities are exact Integer or Rational —…
CNO bicycle: 4 p consumed / 1 α produced per cycle; CNO catalysts net = 0
Sympy-exact (Integer-valued) witness of the CNO-cycle stoichiometric conservation relations. Setup: three independent Integer pins…
Origin of biological homochirality (open question)
Why life uses L-amino-acids and D-sugars exclusively is unresolved — Frank-mechanism (Frank 1953 autocatalytic asymmetric amplification),…
CAI dating (Bondard 2002)
Amelin-Krot 2002 CAI Pb-Pb 4.5672 Gyr; oldest solar-system solids; calcium-aluminum inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites; absolute…
Snow line (Hayashi 1981)
C Hayashi 1981 + Lecar 2006 protoplanetary-disk T(r) ~ r^-1/2; H2O snow-line ~3 AU current Solar; controls volatile vs refractory…
B2FH (Burbidge 1957)
Burbidge-Burbidge-Fowler-Hoyle 1957 (Nobel-Fowler-1983): nucleosynthesis pathways H/p/r/s/CNO/Ne/O/Si/iron-peak; isotopic-anomaly…
ISM organics (Snyder 1969)
Snyder 1969 + Cheung 1968 first interstellar polyatomic detections; modern ALMA + JWST 200+ molecules detected; HCN, CH3OH, glycine in dust.
Murchison amino acids
Cronin-Pizzarello 2003 Murchison meteorite L-amino-acid excess up to 18%; UV-circularly-polarized-light radiolysis + Soai-reaction…
Urey (1952)
H Urey 1952 (Nobel 1934) 'The Planets'; foundational text in cosmochemistry + meteoritic-condensation-sequence theory.
Anders-Grevesse abundances
E Anders-N Grevesse 1989 + Lodders 2003 solar-system abundances; modern Asplund 2009 3D-hydro + helioseismology revisions.
CAIs (Allende meteorite)
Allende 1969 + Lee-Papanastassiou-Wasserburg 1976 26Al-26Mg CAI-chronometer; modern 4567.30±0.16 Ma solar-system age zero-point.
Rosetta 67P (2014)
ESA Rosetta 2014 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in-situ + Stardust 2006 Wild-2 sample-return; modern primordial-organics survey.
Hayashi snow-line (1981)
C Hayashi 1981 protoplanetary-disk snow-line; modern ALMA-resolved-disks + planet-formation pebble-accretion Lambrechts-Johansen.
Interstellar glycine (2009)
Elsila-Glavin-Dworkin 2009 Stardust glycine; modern PRIMA / GTM detection of pre-biotic organics in protostellar disks.