López-Otín 2013/2023 partition of the twelve hallmarks into three functional tiers by causal role. **Primary hallmarks** (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy) cause…
López-Otín 2013/2023 partition of the twelve hallmarks into three functional tiers by causal role. **Primary hallmarks** (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy) cause…