Allan 1966 two-sample variance as the canonical frequency-stability estimator: σ²_y(τ) = ½⟨(y̅_{n+1} − y̅_n)²⟩, averaging fractional-frequency samples y̅_n = ∫_{nτ}^{(n+1)τ} (Δν/ν) dt / τ. For white frequency noise with two-sided PSD…
Allan 1966 two-sample variance as the canonical frequency-stability estimator: σ²_y(τ) = ½⟨(y̅_{n+1} − y̅_n)²⟩, averaging fractional-frequency samples y̅_n = ∫_{nτ}^{(n+1)τ} (Δν/ν) dt / τ. For white frequency noise with two-sided PSD…