Arnold circle map: φ_{n+1}=φ_n+Ω−K·sin(2πφ_n)/(2π); rotation number, Arnold tongues

Layer 3 — Biologyin the chronobiology subtree

Arnold circle-map framework — the canonical iterated-map model of periodic-oscillator entrainment, the mathematical foundation of Arnold tongues in circadian and cardiac rhythms (Arnold 1961; Herman 1979 rotation-number theory;…

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Lyapunov exponent
Arnold map: φ_{n+1}=φ_n+Ω−K·sin(2πφ)/(2π); d_map=1−K·cos(2πφ); λ(K=0)=0

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