Exponential rate of separation of nearby trajectories. Positive top Lyapunov exponent is the hallmark of chaos. For smooth ergodic systems, the multiplicative ergodic theorem (Oseledec) guarantees the limit exists a.s.
Exponential rate of separation of nearby trajectories. Positive top Lyapunov exponent is the hallmark of chaos. For smooth ergodic systems, the multiplicative ergodic theorem (Oseledec) guarantees the limit exists a.s.