For A: V → V, a scalar λ and nonzero v with Av = λv. The characteristic polynomial det(A − λI) = 0 gives spectrum. Basis of spectral theory, PCA, and quantum observables.
For A: V → V, a scalar λ and nonzero v with Av = λv. The characteristic polynomial det(A − λI) = 0 gives spectrum. Basis of spectral theory, PCA, and quantum observables.