Elitzur: gauge-orbit Haar averaging — ⟨O_noninvariant⟩ = 0 on the lattice

Elitzur framework — the canonical lattice-QFT no-go result stating that the expectation value of any non-gauge-invariant local operator vanishes exactly on a finite lattice (Elitzur, Phys. Rev. D 12, 3978, 1975). Setup: gauge group G acts…