GMR (Fert-Grünberg 1988)

Layer 1 — Physicsin the spintronics subtree

A Fert-P Grünberg 1988 (Nobel 2007) GMR; modern modern foundational + 1997 IBM HDD-readhead + 2024 spin-orbitronics low-power memory.

Related concepts

Explore GMR (Fert-Grünberg 1988) on the interactive knowledge graph →