Whole-organism / population-level dietary research: dietary patterns, RCT methodology, personalised nutrition, micronutrient epidemiology, glucose response, sodium-blood-pressure, omega-3, fasting-mimicking, microbiome-diet interactions.
Nutrition and Metabolic Health
Dietary pattern Mediterranean / DASH
Trichopoulou 2003 Mediterranean / Appel 1997 DASH: whole-diet patterns vs single-nutrient analysis more reliably predict cardiovascular…
Personalised nutrition (Zeevi-Segal microbiome)
Zeevi-Korem-Segal 2015: post-prandial glucose response (PPGR) varies 10× across individuals consuming same meal. Predictable from…
Macronutrient distribution & glucose response
Carbohydrate-fat-protein composition modulates post-prandial glucose, insulin, satiety. Glycaemic-index (Jenkins 1981) ranks carb-foods by…
Ketogenic & fasting-mimicking diets (Longo)
Cahill 1970 ketogenesis: starvation/very-low-carb shifts to fatty-acid → β-hydroxybutyrate / acetoacetate ketone-body fuel. Longo 2017…
Micronutrient-deficiency epidemiology
Iron / iodine / vitamin-A / zinc deficiencies = top global burden (WHO 2 billion affected). Iron-deficiency-anaemia: cognitive + perinatal…
Sodium-blood-pressure (INTERSALT)
INTERSALT 1988 cross-population (52 sites): sodium-excretion correlates with systolic-BP slope + age-related rise; reduction lowers…
Omega-3 cardiometabolic prevention
Bang-Dyerberg 1971 Greenland-Inuit: high marine omega-3 (EPA/DHA), low CV mortality. GISSI-Prevenzione 1999 RCT: 1g/day EPA+DHA cut sudden…
Microbiome-diet interaction
Wu-Bushman 2011 long-term-diet shapes enterotype (Bacteroides-vs-Prevotella). David-Maurice 2014: 5-day animal-vs-plant diet rapidly…
Nutrition RCT methodology
PREDIMED 2013 / DIETFITS 2018 / CARDIVEG 2018: nutrition-trials face dietary-adherence + blinding challenges. CONSORT extension for…
Obesity set-point & metabolic adaptation
Keesey-Hirvonen 1997 set-point theory: body-weight defended via leptin-melanocortin homeostatic loop. Weight-loss → reduced…
Nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics)
Single-gene variants (FTO obesity-risk; APOE-ε4 lipid-response; MTHFR-C677T folate; lactase-persistence LCT; alcohol ALDH2-Asian-flush)…
Food environment & obesogenic exposure
Swinburn 2011 obesogenic-environment framework: food-supply abundance + processed-food density + sedentary-design drive population-level…
EFA (Burr 1929)
G Burr-M Burr 1929 essential-fatty-acids; modern omega-3 EPA/DHA + omega-6 metabolism + inflammation balance.
Vitamins (Funk 1912)
C Funk 1912 vitamine; modern vitamin A/B/C/D/E/K + RDAs + clinical deficiency syndromes.
Metabolic syndrome (Reaven 1988)
G Reaven 1988 syndrome-X; insulin-resistance core; modern NCEP-ATP-III 2001 5-criteria definition.
CR (McCay 1935)
C McCay 1935 caloric-restriction extends rat-lifespan 30%; modern monkey CALERIE + DNA-methylation-clock evidence.
Blue Zones (Buettner 2008)
D Buettner 2008 'Blue Zones' centenarian-clusters; modern epidemiology + plant-forward + community + purpose.
EAT-Lancet (Willett 2019)
Willett-Rockström 2019 EAT-Lancet planetary-health diet; modern 2x fruit/veg + 50% reduced red-meat.