Chemical engineering as discipline: unit operations (distillation / extraction / reactor / absorption), transport phenomena (Bird-Stewart-Lightfoot), process control + design, scale-up, P&IDs, plant safety, optimisation.
chemical-engineering
Bird-Stewart-Lightfoot transport phenomena
Bird-Stewart-Lightfoot 1960/2002 'Transport Phenomena': unified treatment of momentum / heat / mass-transfer via analogous equations.…
Distillation McCabe-Thiele
McCabe-Thiele 1925: graphical-design for binary-distillation theoretical-stages. Operating + equilibrium lines. Foundation of…
Liquid-liquid extraction + leaching
Treybal 1980. Solvent-extraction via differential-partitioning into immiscible phases. Pharmaceutical-purification + metal-recovery (Cu /…
Absorption + stripping
CO2-removal from gas-streams via amine-absorption (MEA / DEA). Equipment: trayed-columns / packed-towers. Foundation of…
Reactor design (Damköhler / Péclet)
Da = reaction-rate / convection-rate; Pe = convection / diffusion. Dimensionless analysis design. Levenspiel reactor-classification.…
Process control (PID / MPC)
Ziegler-Nichols 1942 PID-tuning; modern Model-Predictive-Control (MPC) optimises future trajectory. Feedforward + cascade + ratio control.…
Pinch analysis + process design
Linnhoff-Hindmarsh 1979 pinch-analysis: minimise utility-energy via heat-integration. Composite-curve + heat-exchanger-network.…
P&ID + process flow diagrams
Piping-and-Instrumentation Diagrams: industrial-plant blueprint with all equipment + control + safety devices. ISA 5.1 standard. PFD…
Plant safety (HAZOP / LOPA)
HAZOP 1960s ICI; LOPA layer-of-protection-analysis 2000s. Systematic identification + mitigation of process hazards. Bhopal 1984 +…
Scale-up + economic optimisation
Capex (capital) + Opex (operating) trade-offs. Economy-of-scale 0.6 power. Internal-rate-of-return + NPV. Lang-factor for capital-cost…
CFD for process (Fluent / OpenFOAM)
Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes + LES + DNS for turbulent reactor + heat-exchanger + mixer simulation. Multi-phase + reactive-flow…
Chemical engineering sustainability
12 principles green-chemistry (Anastas-Warner 1998); 12 principles green-engineering. Atom-economy + E-factor (Sheldon). Energy + water +…
McCabe-Thiele (1925) distillation
W L McCabe + E W Thiele 1925: graphical solution for binary distillation theoretical-stages via x-y equilibrium curve + operating line +…
Danckwerts RTD (1953)
Danckwerts 1953 residence-time-distribution: E(t) = c(t) / integral c(t) dt; tracer-injection diagnoses non-ideality vs CSTR/PFR; basis of…
Heat + mass transfer dimensionless groups
Prandtl 1925 Pr = nu/alpha; Nusselt 1909 Nu = h L / k; Sherwood 1937 Sh = k_c L / D_AB; correlations Nu = 0.023 Re^0.8 Pr^0.4…
Aspen Plus flowsheet simulation
Aspen 1981 (MIT Aspen project): rigorous-thermo + unit-operation library + sequential-modular + equation-based solver; basis of modern…
Scale-up rules (Pirt-Bushell)
Pirt-Bushell 1975 + Junker 2004: kLa constant, P/V constant, tip-speed constant, Re constant; mutually-exclusive scale-up criteria;…
Process intensification (Stankiewicz)
Stankiewicz-Moulijn 2000: novel reactor + separation hybrids (reactive-distillation, membrane-reactor, microreactor); 10-100x…