The four principal nutrient-sensing pathways — insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins — become dysregulated with age. Canonical pattern: hyperactive IIS and mTOR (anabolic, pro-growth) with reduced AMPK and sirtuin…
The four principal nutrient-sensing pathways — insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins — become dysregulated with age. Canonical pattern: hyperactive IIS and mTOR (anabolic, pro-growth) with reduced AMPK and sirtuin…